Which biological process converts light energy into chemical energy, producing organic matter from carbon dioxide and water?

• A. Primary Producer
• B. Photosynthesis
• C. Physical Factor
• D. Primary Productivity

Answer: (B)

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy and uses it to build organic matter from carbon dioxide and water. In chloroplasts, light drives reactions that produce ATP and NADPH, which power the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 into sugars like glucose. The overall result is the production of organic molecules and the release of oxygen. In marine systems, photosynthesis is carried out mainly by phytoplankton and other photosynthesizers, forming the base of the food web and contributing to oceanic oxygen. The other terms describe either the organisms that perform it (primary producers), the rate at which it happens (primary productivity), or a non-biological influence (physical factor), rather than the process itself.